2011+Japan+Earthquake+and+Tsunami

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=**ELASTIC REBOUND**=

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=**FUKUSHIMA REACTOR**=





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=**DISCUSSION QUESTIONS**=

Describe two possible effects of a major earthquake on buildings.
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=ALASKA 1964 EARTHQUAKE=



Alaska Earthquake March 27, 1964. Uplifted sea floor at Cape Cleare on Montague Island in Prince William Sound in the area of the greatest recorded tectonic uplift on land (33 feet). The very gently slopping flat rocky surface with the white coating which lies between the cliffs and the water is about a quarter of a mile wide. The white coating consists of the remains of calcareous marine organisms that were killed by desiccation when the wave-cut surface was lifted above high tide during the earthquake. @http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Alaska%20Earthquake%20no.%20%20%20%20%201ct&SIZE=medium

Alaska Earthquake March 27, 1964. The Hanning Bay fault was reactivated during the earthquake. Its trace is marked by a ten- to 15-foot high bedrock scarp which trends obliquely across the field of view from the right foreground to the left background. The fault trace lies between the uplifted wave-cut surface that is coated white by desiccated calcareous marine organisms and borders the open ocean and the area of brown sand and silt in the cove. The ground northwest of the fault (on the right) was displaced upward as much as 16 feet with respect to the ground southeast of the fault during the earthquake, but both sides of the fault were uplifted with respect to sea level due to general tectonic uplift of the region. @http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Alaska%20Earthquake%20no.%20%20%20%2010ct

Alaska Earthquake March 27, 1964. A subsidence trough (or graben) formed at the head of the L Street landslide in Anchorage during the earthquake. The slide block, which is virtually unbroken ground to the left of the graben, moved to the left. The subsidence trough sank 7 to 10 feet in response to 11 feet of horizontal movement of the slide block. A number of houses were undercut or tilted by subsidence of the graben. Note also the collapsed Four Seasons Apartment Building and the undamaged three-story reinforced concrete frame building behind it, which are on the stable block beyond the graben. @http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Alaska%20Earthquake%20no.%20%20%20%2043ct

Alaska Earthquake March 27, 1964. Scarp at the subsidence trough or graben of the Fourth Avenue landslide, downtown Anchorage. Before the earthquake, the side walk in front of the stores on the right, which are in the graben, was at the level of the street on the left, which was not involved in the subsidence. The graben subsided 11 feet in response to 14 feet of horizontal movement of the slide block during the earthquake. @http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Alaska%20Earthquake%20no.%20%20%20%2045ct

Alaska Earthquake March 27, 1964. Subsidence of the graben at the head of the Government Hill landslide in Anchorage tore apart an elementary school and converted the schoolyard into a jumble of fissures, scarps, and tilted and subsided blocks of broken ground. The flat and relatively unbroken large slide block in the foreground moved away from the school horizontally and as a single mass, creating a void into which the graben block spread and subsided. @http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Alaska%20Earthquake%20no.%20%20%20%2047ct

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